Emergency Help for a Broken, Cracked or Chipped Tooth

Types of Dental Damage

Dental fractures range from minor chips in the enamel to deep cracks that extend into the root. A small chip may only be a cosmetic concern, while a crack that runs vertically through the tooth might mean the tooth cannot be saved. Horizontal fractures at the gum line can sometimes be repaired with a crown, whereas a split root usually requires extraction. Teeth that have had large fillings or root canal treatment are more prone to fracture because the remaining tooth structure is thinner. In children, a fracture may affect the developing permanent tooth beneath, so paediatric dental injuries always deserve prompt assessment.

What to Do Before the Visit

If you have broken a tooth, rinse your mouth gently with warm water to clean the area. If there is bleeding, press a piece of clean gauze against the spot for ten minutes. Try to find any broken pieces and store them in milk or a clean container, as the dentist may be able to bond them back. Avoid chewing on the affected side. Over-the-counter pain relief can help if the tooth is sensitive. If a sharp edge is cutting your tongue or cheek, covering it with sugar-free gum or dental wax from a pharmacy can protect the soft tissue until you reach the practice.

Possible Treatment Pathways

Treatment depends on the type and severity of the break. Minor chips can often be smoothed and polished or repaired with composite bonding in a single visit. Larger fractures that have not reached the nerve may need a crown to restore the tooth shape and protect it from further damage. If the break exposes the nerve, root canal treatment followed by a crown is typically required. Vertical root fractures and severely shattered teeth may need extraction, with options discussed for replacing the tooth afterwards. The emergency visit focuses on protecting the tooth, relieving pain, and stabilising the situation. Final restorations may be completed at a follow-up appointment.

Frequently Asked Questions